Week 2 Scholarly Questions and Analytical Thinking
JOINT CLASSIFICATION: Note, your text covers this material very thoroughly.
What is a joint?
What are some factors that may limit joint motion?
What are the 3 joint classifications by function?
What joint class is referred to as immovable?
What joint class is referred to as slightly movable?
What joint class is referred to as freely movable?
Where in the body will we find an immovable (or fixed) joint?
Where is the Gomphosis joint? What type of joint is it?
With the amphiarthrodial joints there are 3 subclassifications. Let's review; they are the syndesmosis, symphysis and synchondrosis.
Syndesmosis joints are held together by a strong ligamentous connective tissue. The book gives two examples. What are they?
What is the symphysis joint separated by (what type of cartilage)? What are two examples?
The synchondrosis joint is separated by yet another type of cartilage. Can you give an example where this joint may be found on the body?
The diarthrodial joints are freely movable. Please describe some characteristics? What is the fluid within these joints?
What type of diarthrodial joint permits gliding between two flat bones? Where might we find one of these joints on the human body?
What type of diarthrodial joint is referred to as a biaxial ball and socket? Does it allow rotation? How many planes do the bones of the biaxial ball and socket move (one, two or three)? Does it allow flexion and extension? Does it all abduction and adduction? The text and lecture noted a few locations of these joints? Where would that be?
The multiaxial ball and socket joint has movement in how many planes? What is this joint called? Where in the body do we have multiaxial ball and socket joints?
The hinge joint has a covex (round) surface articulating with a concave (inward curve). How many planes of motion does this joint allow movement in? Is it limited or a wide range of motion? What is the name of this type of diarthrodial joint? Where on the human body will we find this type of joint...give a few examples?
On the human body there is one diarthrodial joint that allows for reciprocal reception...both joint surfaces have the same surface. What is the name of this joint and where is it found? What type of movement does this joint permit?
One diarthrodial joint allows rotation around a long axis. Name this joint? Can you give two examples?
RELATIVE POSITION AND DIRECTIONAL TERMINOLOGY
What does kinematics mean? Is it a description of anatomy, physiology or motion? Are movement pattern, movement speed, movement velocity, movement direction factors of kinematics?
What is kinetics? Are you looking at the forces that effect/affect motion? Would the energy required for the movement be a factor? Would too much or not enough force affect the motion? Would knowing what opposes or creased the movement be a factor of kinetics?
Please know your directional terminology including anderior(ventral), posterior(dorsal), proximal, distal, superior(cephalic), inferior(caudal), medial, lateral. Pages 3-4 of your text covers this well.
Other basic terms:
Lying face down is referred to as?
Lying on your back is referred to as?
This term means relating to the sole of the foot?
This term means relating to the palm of the hand?
If an anatomical site is superficial this means it is where?
If an anatomical site is deep this means it is where?
PLEASE PRACTICE YOUR DIRECTIONAL TERMS ON A HUMAN BODY.
DO YOU KNOW HOW TO INTERPRET AND COMBINE DIRECTIONAL TERMS?
What does anteromedial mean?
What does anterolateral mean?
What does anterosuperior mean?
What does anteroinferior mean?
Work with a 'study budy' and practice completing this drill below. Do this own your own as well.
In relation to your (STARTING POSITION) your (BODY PART IN QUESTION) is (DIRECTIONAL TERMINOLOGY WORD HERE).
Use these examples: anterior, posterior, superior, inferior, medial, lateral
Now try these examples: anteromedial, anterolateral, anterosuperior, anteroinferior
Here are some more examples to try; posteromedial, posterolateral, posterosuperior, posteroinferior
How about trying these examples: superomedial, superolateral, inferomedial, inferolateral
Class, on the WEB are many directional term quizzes and practice pages,. Just google 'kinesiology directional terms'. Click here for one of them to practice.
PLANES OF MOTION AND AXES
With anatomical reference point are you standing or sitting? Are the feet touching or separated? Are the toes pointed forward or sideward? Are the arms hanging to the side or bent at the elbow? Which way are the palms facing?
The sagittal plane divides the body into what 2 halves?
The frontal (coronal) plane divides the body into what 2 halves?
The transverse (horizonal) plane divides the body into what 2 halves?
Which plane is a combination of more than one plane of motion?
The axis is ALWAYS perpendicular to the plane. Motion in a plane occurs around the axis.
The mediolateral axis is for what plane (Saggital, frontal, transverse or diagonal)?
The anteroposterior axis is for what plane (Saggital, frontal, transverse or diagonal)?
The longitudinal axis is for what plane (Saggital, frontal, transverse or diagonal)?
The oblique axis is for what plane (Saggital, frontal, transverse or diagonal)?
Your turn. Name each plane and its axis.
Quiz yourself. What plane and axis is the following:
Marching in place: What plane are the knees moving? What is the axis?
Jumping jack: What plane are the arms and legs moving? What is the axis?
Upper body during a baseball swing: What plane is the upper body moving? What is the axis?
Turning head side to side as if to say 'no'. What plane is the head moving? What is the axis?
Movements in Planes:
What movements can you perform in the sagittal plane? Are they primarily flexion and extension?
Movements in the Frontal Plane: Let's go over these together:
What is adduction? What is abduction?
What is ulnar deviation? What is radial deviation?
What is eversion? What is inversion?
With the neck or trunk, what is lateral flexion?
What unique movement can the shoulder girdle perform? Is it elevation and depression?
Movements in the transverse plane. Let's go over these together.
Internal rotation of the arm is also known as medial rotation. Is the arm moving towards the center of the body?
External rotation of the arm is also know as lateral rotation. Is the arm moving away from the center of the body?
Horizontal abduction. Think of holding a band in front of your shoulders and opening to the side.
Horizonal adduction: Thing of returing your arms to the front of your shoulders.
Pronation of forearm: Start in anatomical reference and move hand from anterior-facing to posterior-facing.
Supination of forearm: In anatomical reference point the forearm is supinated with the palms facing forward.
Can you rotate to the right and to the left in the transverse plane?
The scapula can also move in the transverse plane.
Scapula protraction may be called scapula abduction because the scapula move away from the midline of the body.
Scapula retraction may be called scapula adduction because the scapula move toward the midline of the body.
BREAKDOWN THE MOVEMENT: WE WILL PRACTICE BREAKING DOWN MOVEMENTS BY JOINT INVOLVED, MOVEMENT, PLANE, AXIS (AND LATER ACTION AND MUSCLES). BE THINKING ABOUT THIS AS YOU REVIEW YOUR KINESIOLOGY?
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