University of New Mexico, Fall Semester 2016

History 300/Section 012:  History of Fascism

 

Prof. E. A.Sanabria                                                                Classroom: DSH, 333

Office: Mesa Vista Hall,2082                                                          TTH: 2-3:15PM

Phone: (505) 277-226                                                Email: sanabria@unm.edu

                                                                                                                       

Office Hours: Mondays, 1-3:30PM; Wednesdays, 10:30-Noon

or by appointment

                                   

Course web page: http://www.unm.edu/~historyoffascism.htm

 

Course Description

(F)ascism, or rather the misuse and misunderstanding of fascism, has been bandied about recently as part of the discursive arsenal of the American Right toward the American Left and the current Presidential administration as well as by those opposed to Donald Trump’s and his supporters’ Presidential aspirations. This course will take this unfortunate development as a point of departure for a deep semester-long exploration of the theory, origins, tangible manifestations, and possible legacy of primarily European fascism and fascistic dictatorships in the twentieth century. We will certainly delve into the history of the two most famous fascist regimes (Fascist Italy and Nazi Germany), but also explore the origins of fascism, the social and cultural ramifications and realities of living under a fascist regime, including for women, and the long-lived fascistic dictatorships of Francisco Franco in Spain and Antonio da Oliveira Salazar in Portugal. In addition, we will explore the fascism phenomena in Europe leading up to and through World War II as well as controversial post WWII polities often characterized as fascist. It is hoped that students, once steeped in a strong understanding of the acute interwar crisis in Europe, will have a nuanced appreciation of and a better definition of fascism than many of our contemporaneous pundits. A midterm, a final, two five page primary source essays, as well as active participation, including an oral presentation on book on fascism of your choice (which you will also review), shall be the basis of evaluation.  The course goals include but are not limited to: 1) students will learn to apply course material to improve thinking, problem solving, or decisions; 2) students will learn skill in expressing themselves orally and in writing; and 3) students will learn to analyze and critically evaluate ideas, arguments, and points of view.

 

Required Texts

·         Roger Griffin, ed., Fascism (Oxford: Oxford UP, 1995), ISBN: 9780192892492

·         Jan T. Gross, Neighbors (London: Penguin, 2001). ISBN: 9780142002407

·          Robert Moeller, ed., The Nazi State and German Society (Boston: Bedford St. Martin’s, 2010). ISBN: 9780312454685

·         Kevin Passmore, ed., Women, Gender and Fascism in Europe, 1919-1945 (New Brunswick, NJ: Rutgers UP, 2003). ISBN: 9780813533087

·         Stanley G. Payne, History of Fascism, 1914-1945 (Madison, WI: University of Wisconsin Press, 1995). ISBN: 9781857285956

·         Marla Stone, ed., The Fascist Revolution in Italy (Boston: Bedford St. Martin’s, 2013). ISBN:  9780312454159

·         Additional Readings linked via course learn.unm.edu page or on Jstor.org when designated by [JS].

Grading

Your final course grade is based on the following: 

·         Midterm Examinations (20% of the total grade). The exam is scheduled for Tuesday, October 11th.  The exam will take place in Dane Smith Hall, 333, and you must bring a clean blue book.

·         Final Examination (25% of the total grade).  The exam is scheduled for Tuesday, December 13th from 10AM to Noon in Dane Smith Hall, 333, and you must bring a clean blue book.

·         Two primary source essays (15% each for a total of 30% of the grade), minimum 5 pages double‑spaced. Assigning the Griffin, Moeller, and Stone collections informs by my desire to have you work with PRIMARY sources, and you shall prepare two short papers using these collections. See below for their due dates.

·         Oral Presentation and Book Review (15% of the total grade).  In order to increase our exposure to the historiography of fascism each of you will give an oral presentation on the book you have chosen to review.  Details on this assignment shall also come later.

·         Discussion participation, response papers, and attendance (10%).  I will take role randomly over the course of the semester, and you will not likely do very well in this course if you miss more than four classes.  In addition, we will have a number of class discussions and short response papers based on our readings. You would do well to communicate with me at all times as not attending class and discussions could have a seriously detrimental effect on your final grade. 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

Schedule of Topics and Readings:                                                        

 

Week One (August 23 and 25)

Organizational Meeting; What do we mean by “fascism”?

 

Reading: Payne, A History of Fascism, Introduction, Ch. 12 & 13; Griffin, ed., Fascism, texts 162-170; Passmore, ed., Women, Gender, and Fascism in Europe, 1919-45, Introduction.

 

 

Week Two (August 30 and September 1)

Fascism before 1914?; The Case of France

 

Reading: Payne, Ch. 1 & 2; Griffin, ed., texts 46-50; Z. Sternhell, “National Socialism and Antisemitism:  The Case of Maurice Barres,” Journal of Contemporary History 22, no. 3 (Oct 1973):  47-66 [JS]

 

  

Week Three (September 6 and 8)

World War I and Its Traumatic Impact

 

Reading:  Payne, Ch. 3; Griffin, ed., texts 1-8, 51-58; Stone, ed., The Fascist Revolution in Italy, pp. 1-8; Moeller, ed., The Nazi Sate and German Society, pp. 1-10.

 

 

Week Four (September 13 and 15)

The Rise of Italian Fascism to 1929

Reactions to the Rise of Fascism

 

Reading:  Payne, Ch. 4; Griffin, ed., texts 9-28, 126-144; Stone, ed., pp 9-16 and documents 1-12.

  

Week Five (September 20 and 22)

Italian Fascism to World War I

Life in Fascism Italy

 

Reading: Payne, Ch. 7; Griffin, ed., texts 29-39; Passmore, ed., Ch. 2; Stone, ed., pp. 16-26, and documents 13-32.

 

Week Six (September 27 and 29)

The Origins of National Socialism; the Nazi Seizure of Power to 1933

 

Reading:  Payne, Ch. 6; Griffin, ed., texts 46-66; Moeller, ed., pp. 10-16 and documents 1-11; Passmore, ed., Ch. 3; Claudia Koonz, “Nazi Women before 1933: Rebels against Emancipation,” Social Science Quarterly, Vol. 56, no. 4 (March 1976), 553-563 [JS].

  

Paper #1 on Italian Fascism due Tuesday, 27 September 2016

 

 

Week Seven (October 4 and 6)

The Consolidation of the Nazi State

Life in Pre-WWII Nazi Germany

 

Reading: Griffin, ed., texts 67-82; Moeller, ed., pp. 10-16 and documents 12-28, and 33; Clare M. Hall, “An Army of Spies: The Gestapo Spy Network, 1933-45,” Journal of Contemporary History, Vol. 44, no. 2 (April 2009), 247-265; Gisela Bock, “Motherhood, Compulsory Sterilization, and the State,” Signs, Vol. 8, no. 3 (Spring 1983), 400-421.

  

 

 

Week Eight (October 11)

MIDTERM EXAM; BRING BLUE BOOK(S)

 

No meeting on Thursday, October 13th (Fall Break)

 

 

Week Nine (October 18 and 20)

Pre-World War fascism/Authoritarianism elsewhere

The Spanish Civil War

 

Reading:  Payne, Ch. 5, 8-9; Griffin, ed., texts 91-97, 104-118; Passmore, ed., 4-9; Shlomo Ben-Ami, “The Dictatorship of Primo de Rivera:  A political reassessment,” Journal of Contemporary History 12 (1977):  65-84. [JS]

 

Paper #2 on Nazi Germany due on Tuesday, 18 October 2016

 

 

Week Ten (October 25 and 27)

The Case of Iberian long-lived pseudo-fascism:

the Franco and Salazar Regimes

 

Reading:  Griffin, ed., texts, 98-103; Passmore, ed., Ch. 12; Antonio Cazorla-Sánchez, “Beyond They Shall Not Pass. How the Experience of Violence Reshaped Political Values in Franco’s Spain,” Journal of Contemporary History 40, no. 3 (2005):  503-520 [JS]; Tom Gallagher, “Controlled Repression in Salazar’s Portugal” Journal of Contemporary History 14 (1979):  385-402 [JS].

 

 

Week Eleven (November 1 and 3)

Fascism/Nazism, Class, Race and Anti-Semitism

 

Reading: Moeller, ed., pp. 20-22and documents 29-32, 42-50; Jan Gross, Neighbors; Passmore, ed., Ch. 10;

 

 

 

 

 

Week Twelve (November 8 and 10)

Fascism, Europe and World War II

 

Reading:  Payne, Ch. 11; Moeller, ed., pp. 16-20, 22-26 and documents 34-59; Stone, ed., pp. 26-32 and documents 33-37; Griffin, ed., texts 40-45, 83-90 Michael Marrus and Robert O. Paxton, “The Nazis and the Jews in Occupied Western Europe, 1940-1944,” Journal of Modern History, vol. 54, no. 4 (December 1982), 687-714. [JS]

  

 

Week Thirteen (November 15 and 17)

Women and fascism

Fascisms Beyond Europe?

 

Reading:  Payne, Ch. 10; Passmore, ed., 11, 13 & 14; Griffin, ed., texts 119-125.

  

Week Fourteen (November 22)

Student Presentations; No meeting on Thanksgiving, November 24th

 

Reading:  None, but you are encouraged to take notes on the presentations and ask questions of the presenters.  Your Book Review is due on the day of your Book presentation.

                                                                                                                       

Week Fifteen (November 29 and December 1)

Student Presentations

 

Reading: None, but you are encouraged to take notes on the presentations and ask questions of the presenters. Your Book Review is due on the day of your Book presentation.

 

Week Sixteen (December 6 and 8)

Fascism, Neo-Fascism, and Us in the 21st Century

 

Reading: Payne, Ch. 14 & Epilogue; Griffin, ed., texts 171-213.

 

 

 

 

 

           FINAL EXAM:  TUESDAY, DECEMBER 13TH

FROM 10:00-NOON IN DANE SMITH, 333

PLEASE BRING A CLEAN, UNUSED BLUEBOOK    

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

Course Policies

1. Late Work and Make-Up Exams:

Late papers will lose 1/3 grade for every day they are late, including weekends and holidays. Thus, a B paper one day late will become a B-. No make-up exams will be administered unless students requesting them can produce documented evidence of illness, disability, accident or other legitimate cause beyond their control accounting for absence. Please keep me aware of the reasons for your absences in order to prevent me from dropping you from the course.


2. Plagiarism:

Students are expected to submit only their work on papers and examinations. While you may discuss the assignments with your colleagues, papers should be based entirely on your own study of the assigned material. The use of secondary material, such as Cliff’s Notes or encyclopedias, is not encouraged. If you copy information from a web page or even retype information from a web site, you will get caught; past students of mine have been, and been given an automatic F for the assignment.  In addition, the Dean of Students shall be notified.  If you do use any outside material, you must explicitly acknowledge your debt to those sources in the notes (i.e. endnotes or footnotes or parenthetical notations).

 

Turning in someone else’s work as if it were your own constitutes plagiarism, which is an act of intellectual fraud. The academic consequences of plagiarism range from failure for the tainted assignment to failure for the course, depending on the seriousness of the offense(s).

 

Examples of plagiarism include, but are not limited to the following: turning in another student’s paper as if it were your own; copying of a part or the whole of another person’s ideas, words or syntax; and quoting, paraphrasing, or borrowing ideas from published or unpublished material written by someone other than yourself, without specific acknowledgment of the source. If you ever have any questions about what constitutes plagiarism, you should consult with your professor. While we will discuss Academic Dishonesty in the course, please study and/or refer to the Department’s policy on the matter: 

 

http://history.unm.edu/common/documents/policies/GuidelinesonAcademicDishonesty_002.pdf

3. Responsibility and Courtesy to Others:

Students are expected to be prepared for class, to be on time and not disrupt the sessions by arriving late.  Be attentive and ready to participate in class. Please do not use the class session to listen to your media players, read the newspaper, take a nap, and make or receive cell phone calls. You can read all about the UNM Student Code of Conduct in the appendix to your Pathfinder.


4. Documentation Style

Because this is an upper division History course, I would be remiss if I didn’t require you to document your sources using the style used by the historians’ profession: Chicago Manual of Style footnotes or endnotes.  In general, the first citation of a book or article should be complete.  For example:

 

5  Richard Herr, An Historical Essay on Modern Spain (Berkeley and Los Angeles: University of California Press, 1971), p. 47.

 

Subsequent references to that book can look like this:

 

6 Herr, 112.

 

Here’s an example of an article citation:

 

13 Bruce Lincoln, “Revolutionary Exhumations in Spain, July 1936,” in Comparative Studies in Society and History, 27, no. 2 (April 1985): 241-260.

 

Please note that if you cite from the primary sources in the Griffin, Moeller, and/or Stone collections, you must identify them as “Editor” and identify the document’s author in this way:

 

16Benito Mussolini, “On the Corporate State, November 14, 1933,” in The Fascist Revolution in Italy: A Brief History with Documents, ed. Marla Stone (Boston: Bedford St. Martin’s 2013):  126.

 

Any library reference section should have a copy of the Chicago Manual of Style for you to consult, or check out the Quick Guide:

 

http://www.chicagomanualofstyle.org/tools_citationguide.html

 

5.  Paper and Grades

I have been tickled pink that one of the consistent critiques of my lower division courses is that I care about expression, grammar, forrmat, etc. on papers as “if this were an English class.”  Well I don’t believe good grammar and expression should be limited to your English classes and you would do well to visit the web pages (http://www.unm.edu/~sanabria/writingtips.htm  and http://www.unm.edu/~sanabria/grading.htm  ) for tips on writing papers and read about what constitutes an ‘A’ paper compared to ‘B’, ‘C’, etc. papers.  History is not only about facts and memorization!  History is the art of gathering and analyzing a great deal of information, and generating a convincing, articulate, argument based on the evidence accumulated.

 

6. SNOW DAYS

You are responsible for attending classes or discussion sections whenever the UNM is open.  In the event of inclement weather you should call 277-SNOW to determine the Opened, delayed, or shut down status of UNM.  I and our graduate assistants will only cancel or delay classes according to the official determinations of the UNM.

 

7. Important Dates:

In addition to the due dates for assignments noted above, you should be aware of important University/Registrar dates:

 

The last day to add this course via LoboWeb: September 2nd

The last day to change your grading option is: September 2nd

The last day to drop a course without a grade is: September 9th 

The last day to drop without the Dean’s approval is: November 11th

The last day to drop with the Dean’s approval is: December 9th  

 

It is important to remember that if you must drop this course, you would be well‑served to do so within the first three weeks of the semester, as no grade will be assigned. If you decide to drop this course during and after the fourth week or later, I must assign you a grade of either a WP (Withdrew Passing) or WF (Withdrew Failing) . WF grades are included as failing grades in your GPA so please be responsible about withdrawing if that unfortunate situation presents itself.  

 

 

 

            

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

Qualified students with disabilities needing appropriate academic adjustments should contact me as soon as possible to ensure your needs are met in a timely manner.  Handouts are available in alternative accessible formats upon request.