UNIVERSITY OF NEW MEXICO

FALL SEMESTER 2016

 

HISTORY 300/012:  HISTORY OF FASCISM

 

Professor E. A. Sanabria

 

First Writing Assignment

 

You are to write a 5-7 page, double-spaced, printed, essay due in class on Tuesday, September 27th.  Remember that late papers will be docked a third of a grade for each day they are late, so a paper that would have been an A- if turned in on time, will garner a B+ if turned in on the 28th, and a B- if turned in on the 29th, and so on.  Add a bibliography page to the back of your essay.

 

Your essay is based on your reading and response primarily to the primary documents in the Griffin and Stone collections of sources on Fascist Italy. These are, of course, primary documents or first-hand sources that are produced at the time of an even or an era, and written by direct participants or observers.  You may choose several documents in the book in order to select have sources rich enough to sustain an entire essay.  Choose one (1) of the following prompts for your paper:

 

A.)                 Prepare an essay in which you make and defend a claim about some element of the Fascist violence. What role, for instance, did it play in how Fascists gained political power and to silence dissent? What role, for instance, did violence play in the consolidation of Fascists and other Italians, such as World War I veterans (the Ras)? In what ways were intimidation, fear, and violence used to coerce Italians into submission? Make sure to refer and use examples from the primary texts to support your claims.

 

B.)                   Prepare an essay in which you make and defend a claim about what Italian Fascists saw

                        as the appropriate roles for women in society. What policies and programs did the

                        regime create to establish the notion of a good Fascist mother and wife and to make it

                        appealing to women? Make sure to refer and use examples from the primary texts to

                        support your claims.

 

C.)                   Based on your reading of the before, during, and after of Italian Fascism, prepare an

                        essay in which you make and defend a claim about what enabled Fascism to take off.  In

                        other words, make and defend a claim about what “ingredients” (these can be

                        intellectual currents, economic realities, political developments, etc.) were in place in

                        order for the Fascist movement to win over enough support to make a significant splash

                        in their specific national contexts.  Make sure to refer and use examples from the

                        primary texts to support your claims.

 

Documentation Style

 

Because this is an upper division History course, I would be remiss if I didn’t require you to document your sources using the style used by the historians’ profession: Chicago Manual of Style footnotes or endnotes.  In general, the first citation of a book or article should be complete.  For example:

 

²  Stanley G. Payne, Fascism:  Comparison and Definition (Madison, WI:  University of Wisconsin, 1980), 47.

 

Subsequent references to that book can look like this:

 

  ³Payne, 22.

 

 

Here’s an example of an article citation:

 

¹Bruce Lincoln, “Revolutionary Exhumations in Spain, July 1936,” in Comparative Studies in Society and History, 27, no. 2 (April 1985): 241-260.

 

Any library reference section should have a copy of the Chicago Manual of Style for you to consult, or simply Google “Chicago Manual of Style” to find examples of Chicago style footnotes or endnotes.

 

Because so many of our primary sources come in edited collections, here’s an example of how to cite from the Griffin book:

 

³Joseph Goebbels, “Christ-Socialism,” in Fascism, Roger Griffin, ed. (Oxford:  Oxford University Press, 1995), 119-120.

 

Or from Stone:

 

³Benito Mussolini, “The Twentieth Century:  Inauguration Speech Given at the Opening of the First Novecento Exhibition. February 15, 1926,” in The Fascist Revolution in Italy:  A Brief History with Documents, Marla Stone, ed. (Boston:  Bedford St. Martin’s, 2013), 129.