February 22 to February 26: Lactate Formation Story, Conversion of Pyruvate to ACoA, TCA cycle
OBJECTIVES:
Be able to explain lactate formation in the human body
Be able to explain and write out the steps of the conversion of pyuvate to acetyl-coenzyme-A and show the net yield
Be able to describe and write out the steps of the TCA cycle and show the net yield

Please note there are THREE YOUTUBE videos with this week's lessons.

Click Here to Download Exam 2 Part B due Friday February26 by 12 Midnight

Let's start this section by watching this Youtube Video on the Lactate Formation
Click here to watch the Lactate Formation YOUTUBE video
Lactate Formation Story: Class, write out the story in bullet form or paragraph. However is best for you. Make sure you discuss STEADY state and STRENUOUS exercise conditions.

Question: Does Lactate Production Occur in the Mitochondrion or the Sarcoplasm of the cell?
Answer: Sarcoplasm of the cell.

Question: What is the cause of acidosis or the 'burn?'
Answer: The production of H+ from the hydrolysis of ATP.
Shuttle of NADH +H+ to FAD in the Mitochondrion
Let's answer some important questions on Lactate Formation and other information presented in this week's video lectures.
What professor authored the review article that changed our understanding of lactate? (Robert Robergs)
Where does lactate production occur in the cell? (Sarcoplasm)
What is the fate of lactate? (50%-75% is converted back to pyruvate in the liver and used for fuel.)
What is the name of the cycle that converts lactate to pyrvate? (Cori cycle)
Does lactate formation cause the burn or acidosis? (No)
What is the cause of the burn? (It is the production of protons that cause the acidosis)
Where do the protons come from that cause the acidosis? (the hydolysis of ATP)
Where are the three irreversible reactions in glycolysis? (1, 3 10)
What enzyme facilitates the conversion of pyruvate to lactate? (lactate dehydrogenase)
Where in the mitochondrion does the conversion of pyruvate to ACoA occure? (matrix)
The TCA cycle begins and ends with what molecucle? (oxaloacetate)
Stage II of Carbohydrate Metabolism: Conversion of Pyruvate to ACoA
Click here to watch the Stage II of Carbohydrate Metabolism YOUTUBE video
The Mitochondrion
TCA Cycle and Net Yield
Click here to watch the TCA YOUTUBE video
NET YIELD OF TCA (Remember there are two ACoA molecules)
2 ATP (by way of GTP)
6 NADH + H+
2 FADH2
4 CO2
Class, I am leaving Glycolysis posted this week for reference.
NET YIELD OF GLYCOLYSIS:
2 ATP
2 H2O
2 Pyruvate
2 NADH+ H+ (which are shuttled to 2 FADH2 in the ETC)